Mathematical Literacy of Senior High School Students in YOGYAKARTA

The aim of this research is to describe mathematical literacy of Senior High School students in Yogyakarta. This research was a survey using quantitative design. The population was all of Senior High School students in Yogyakarta. The sampling was a combination of stratified random sampling and cluster random sampling. The sample was 813 students the 10th grade of Senior High School. These schools include high, average and low category based on the score in the national examination of mathematics subject. The data collection was by a test. The student was tested with 13 items of mathematical literacy problems. The analysis of those data used descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum score, total score, and also test statistics z (). The research finding reveals that mathematical literacy of Senior High School students in Yogyakarta is in a very low category. Mathematical literacy of Senior High School students for understanding indicator belong to low category and for the other indicators of process belongs to very a low category

Pengaruh Premanaged Earnings Dan Dividen Yang Diharapkan Terhadap Praktik Manajemen Laba

This study aims to determine whether the companies paying dividend in the previous year (payers) are more likely to perform earnings management than companies that do not (non-payers) in order to meet the expected dividend. The study also examines the impact of premanaged earnings and expected dividend on earnings management practices. Sample used in this research are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2012. The findings suggest that there is a significant negative relationship between premanaged earnings and discretionary accruals, and a significant positive relationship between the expected dividends and discretionary accruals. This study concludes that dividend is important determinant of earnings thresholds. However, dividend is not a unique motivation to perform earnings management.Keywords: earnings management, expected dividend, premanaged earnings, dividend thresholds---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Perusahaan yang membayarkan dividen di tahun sebelumnya (payers) lebih cenderung melakukan manajemen laba daripada Perusahaan yang tidak membayarkan dividen di tahun sebelumnya (non-payers) agar dapat memenuhi dividen yang diharapkan. Penelitian menguji bagaimana pengaruh premanaged earnings dan dividen yang diharapkan dengan praktik manajemen laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel badan USAha manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2012 dengan menggunakan teknik purposive/judgement sampling. Temuan menunjukkan premanaged earnings berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap akrual diskresioner yang merupakan proksi dari manajemen laba. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan meskipun dividen yang diharapkan adalah salah satu penentu earnings threshold, namun dividen bukan menjadi unique motivation untuk melakukan manajemen laba

Correlation of Progranulin, Granulin, Adiponectin and Vaspin with Metaflammation (Hs-CRP) in Indonesian Obese Men

BACKGROUND: Obesity is closely related to chronic, low grade systemic inflammation (metaflammation) and it leads to further metabolic complications such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes due to the adipocytokine imbalance. This study was carried out to assess the correlation between progranulin, granulin, adiponectin and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) with metaflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) in centrally obese men.METHODS: This study was observational with a cross sectional design involving 60 men aged 30-60 years, consisted of 43 obese men (waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm) and 13 non obese men (WC 105 cm.CONCLUSION: We found metaflammation (hs-CRP) was significantly correlated with Vaspin, but not with progranulin, granulin and adiponectin, in obese men. We suggest the possibility of a dynamic expression of adipokines related to WC that are subjected to adipocytes hypertrophy-hyperplasia phenomenon

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Anak Usia Dini melalui Media Boneka Jari

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan rendahnya kemampuan anak dalam bersosialisasi, melakukan interaksi serta berkerjasama dengan teman-temannya. Hal ini disebabkan kerena kemampuan guru dalam mengemas pembelajaran masih belum optimal, dan kurang dalam memberikan rangsangan dan stimulus kepada anak untuk melakukan kegiatan sosial dengan teman- temannya. Penggunaaan media boneka jari merupakan salah satu media yang dapat meningkatkan perkembangan sosial dan memungkinkan anak untuk lebih banyak berinteraksi, bekeija sama, saling membantu dan lebih efektif dalam melakukan interaksi sesuai dengan daya imajinasi anak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran keterampilan sosial anak usia dini melalui media boneka jari di kelompok A (2) untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan keterampilan sosial anak usia dini melalui media boneka jari di kelompok A. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas model Elliot dengan tiga siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tiga tindakan dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa penilaian proses, observasi, wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh diketahui dalam indikator 1 siklus I dengan persentase 7.58%, siklus II dengan persentase 33.33% dan siklus III meningkat dengan persentase 63.64%. Selanjutnya pada indikator 2 siklus I dengan persentase 4.54%, siklus II dengan persentase 36.36%, siklus III dengan persentase 65.15%. Selanjutnya pada indikator 3 pada siklus I dengan persentase 0,00%, siklus II dengan persentase 27.27%, dan pada siklus III meningkat dengan persentase 66.67%. Adapun saran yang peneliti ajukan untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengangkat permasalahan yang terjadi dengan menggunakan metode, strategi, dan media yang berbeda sehingga dapat memberikan masukan dan temuan yang baru

Penampilan Fenotipik Dan Stabilitas Sorgum Manis Untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of promising lines sweet stalk sorghum to produce high yield of ethanol different agroecological zones. Eleven genotipes and three check varieties of sweet sorghum were tested in eight different locations in four provinces in Indonesia, namely Sidrap and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi), Polman and Majene (West Sulawesi), Telaga and Biyonga (Gorontalo), and Kendalpayak and Tajiran (East Java) from July until December 2009. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotypes, locations, interaction of genotipes and locations, were significant for all traits. Based on the phenotypic performance five genotipes with high yield of ethanol were identified. Yield ethanol was high up to 4536 l/ha much higher than those of three check varities. Genotypes Watar Hammu Putih, 4-183A, 15011A, 15011B, and 15021A yielded ethanol from the fermentation process amounted to 6616 l, 4999 l, 5927 l, 5732 l, and 6653 l/ha. The high were ethanol production from each genotype was supported by characters that were relatively different, but the most dominant was the weight of biomass stem per ha, with the coefficient of correlation of 0.92. Stability analysis identified four characters, namely brix sugar content, production of ethanol per hectare, weight of stem biomass, and grain yield per ha. The five promising genotipes with high ethanol yields, were adaptive to spesific loacations. Genotypes 5-193C had wide range of adaptation across the 8 locations, but ethanol production was lower than that check cultivar. Genotype with the highest grain yield was 1090A

The Immune Landscapes of Polypoid and Nonpolypoid Precancerous Colorectal Lesions.

Little is known about the immunoediting process in precancerous lesions. We explored this aspect of benign colorectal adenomas with a descriptive analysis of the immune pathways and immune cells whose regulation is linked to the morphology and size of these lesions. Two series of polypoid and nonpolypoid colorectal adenomas were used in this study: 1) 84 samples (42 lesions, each with matched samples of normal mucosa) whose gene expression data were used to quantify the tumor morphology- and size-related dysregulation of immune pathways collected in the Molecular Signature Database, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; 2) 40 other lesions examined with immunohistochemistry to quantify the presence of immune cells in the stromal compartment. In the analysis of transcriptomic data, 429 immune pathways displayed significant differential regulation in neoplasms of different morphology and size. Most pathways were significantly upregulated or downregulated in polypoid lesions versus nonpolypoid lesions (regardless of size). Differential pathway regulation associated with lesion size was observed only in polypoid neoplasms. These findings were mirrored by tissue immunostaining with CD4, CD8, FOXP3, MHC-I, CD68, and CD163 antibodies: stromal immune cell counts (mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages) were significantly higher in polypoid lesions. Certain markers displayed significant size-related differences regardless of lesion morphology. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the marker panel clearly discriminated between precancerous lesions of different morphologies and sizes. Statistical analysis of immunostained cell counts fully support the results of the transcriptomic data analysis: the density of infiltration of most immune cells in the stroma of polypoid precancerous lesions was significantly higher than that observed in nonpolypoid lesions. Large neoplasms also have more immune cells in their stroma than small lesions. Immunoediting in precancerous colorectal tumors may vary with lesion morphology and stage of development, and this variability could influence a given lesion's trajectory to cancer

Crystal Growth of II-VI Semiconducting Alloys by Directional Solidification

This research study is investigating the effects of a microgravity environment during the crystal growth of selected II-VI semiconducting alloys on their compositional, metallurgical, electrical and optical properties. The on-going work includes both Bridgman-Stockbarger and solvent growth methods, as well as growth in a magnetic field. The materials investigated are II-VI, Hg(1-x)Zn(x)Te, and Hg(1-x)Zn(x)Se, where x is between 0 and 1 inclusive, with particular emphasis on x-values appropriate for infrared detection and imaging in the 5 to 30 micron wavelength region. Wide separation between the liquidus and solidus of the phase diagrams with consequent segregation during solidification and problems associated with the high volatility of one of the components (Hg), make the preparation of homogeneous, high-quality, bulk crystals of the alloys an extremely difficult nearly an impossible task in a gravitational environment. The three-fold objectives of the on-going investigation are as follows: (1) To determine the relative contributions of gravitationally-driven fluid flows to the compositional redistribution observed during the unidirectional crystal growth of selected semiconducting solid solution alloys having large separation between the liquidus and solidus of the constitutional phase diagram; (2) To ascertain the potential role of irregular fluid flows and hydrostatic pressure effects in generation of extended crystal defects and second-phase inclusions in the crystals; and, (3) To obtain a limited amount of "high quality" materials needed for bulk crystal property characterizations and for the fabrication of various device structures needed to establish ultimate material performance limits. The flight portion of the study was to be accomplished by performing growth experiments using the Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF) manifested to fly on various Spacelab missions

Conversion of the Mycotoxin Patulin to the Less Toxic Desoxypatulinic Acid by the Biocontrol Yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae Strain LS11

Se describe en este artículo el descubrimiento de la degradación de la micotoxina patulina por una levaduraThe infection of stored apples by the fungus Penicillium expansum causes the contamination of fruits and fruit-derived products with the mycotoxin patulin, which is a major issue in food safety. Fungal attack can be prevented by beneficial microorganisms, so-called biocontrol agents. Previous time-course thin layer chromatography analyses showed that the aerobic incubation of patulin with the biocontrol yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11 leads to the disappearance of the mycotoxin spot and the parallel emergence of two new spots, one of which disappears over time. In this work, we analyzed the biodegradation of patulin effected by LS11 through HPLC. The more stable of the two compounds was purified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance as desoxypatulinic acid, whose formation was also quantitated in patulin degradation experiments. After R. kratochvilovae LS11 had been incubated in the presence of 13C-labeled patulin, label was traced to desoxypatulinic acid, thus proving that this compound derives from the metabolization of patulin by the yeast. Desoxypatulinic acid was much less toxic than patulin to human lymphocytes and, in contrast to patulin, did not react in vitro with the thiol-bearing tripeptide glutathione. The lower toxicity of desoxypatulinic acid is proposed to be a consequence of the hydrolysis of the lactone ring and the loss of functional groups that react with thiol groups. The formation of desoxypatulinic acid from patulin represents a novel biodegradation pathway that is also a detoxification process

Fumarate-loaded electrospun nanofibers with anti-inflammatory activity for fast recovery of mild skin burns

In the biomedical sector the availability of engineered scaffolds and dressings that control and reduce inflammatory states is highly desired, particularly for the management of burn wounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that electrospun fibrous dressings of poly(octyl cyanoacrylate) (POCA) combined with polypropylene fumarate (PPF) possess anti-inflammatory activity and promote the fast and effective healing of mild skin burns in an animal model. The fibers produced had an average diameter of (0.8  ±  0.1) µm and they were able to provide a conformal coverage of the injured tissue. The application of the fibrous mats on the burned tissue effectively reduced around 80% of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the first 48 h in comparison with un-treated animals, and enhanced skin epithelialization. From histological analysis, the skin thickness of the animals treated with POCA : PPF dressings appeared similar to that of one of the naïve animals: (13.7  ±  1.4) µm and (14.3  ±  2.5) µm for naïve and treated animals, respectively. The density of dermal cells was comparable as well: (1100  ±  112) cells mm−2 and (1358  ±  255) cells mm−2 for naïve and treated mice, respectively. The results demonstrate the suitability of the electrospun dressings in accelerating and effectively promoting the burn healing process

Lasers, stem cells, and COPD

The medical use of low level laser (LLL) irradiation has been occurring for decades, primarily in the area of tissue healing and inflammatory conditions. Despite little mechanistic knowledge, the concept of a non-invasive, non-thermal intervention that has the potential to modulate regenerative processes is worthy of attention when searching for novel methods of augmenting stem cell-based therapies. Here we discuss the use of LLL irradiation as a "photoceutical" for enhancing production of stem cell growth/chemoattractant factors, stimulation of angiogenesis, and directly augmenting proliferation of stem cells. The combination of LLL together with allogeneic and autologous stem cells, as well as post-mobilization directing of stem cells will be discussed